Second-party inspection is a series of examinations of a product design, product, process, or installation in order to determine its conformity to specific requirements performed by a person or organization that has a user interest in an object (e.g. the procurer, purchaser or user). For example, manufacturers will often inspect the critical components, supplied by an outside source, that will be used in their own finished product.

Second-party inspection may be an appropriate conformity assessment approach when:

The buyer or procurer demands or allows it.

Second-party inspection bodies may typically inspect against a wide range of functions (e.g. products, services, materials, installations, plant processes, work processes, etc.) and parameters (e.g. quality, quantity, safety, fitness for use, etc.).